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Paleontology, sometimes spelled palaeontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene Epoch. It includes the study of fossils to determine organisms' evolution and interactions with each other and their environments.

129 Results for the subject "Paleontology":

Computer applications in paleontology: Balance in the late 1980s?

AbstractAlthough computer methods now are used routinely in some parts of paleontology, in others they are seen as unnecessary or even irrelevant. There is no balanced spread of computer applications throughout paleontology as a whole. Applications in the late 1980s tended to be rather conventional, but a few were distinctly innovative. The most significant probably were the developments in theoretical morphology, especially as automatic techniques for gathering morphometric data were being developed to provide real-world data for comparison. Also significant was the application to paleontology of some of the techniques of computer-intensive statistical inference. These may allow statistical tests to be developed for paleontological hypotheses that were previously untestable.

John C Tipper Publication date: 1991/01/01
Callovian–Oxfordian bivalves from central Saudi Arabia: Systematic paleontology and paleobiogeography

Highlights•The Callovian-Oxfordian of Saudi Arabia contains an assemblage of moderately diversified shallow marine bivalves.•Ten species were reported for the first time from the Jurassic succession of Saudi Arabia.•Paleobiogeographically, the studied assemblage has a dominantly Tethyan.•There are significant ties with the Middle East, North Africa and China.

Mohamed Zakhera Publication date: 2017/06/01
- Systematic Paleontology

Publisher SummaryThis chapter focuses on the different systematic paleontology. It provides the class, order, sub-order, family, and genus of type species and other species such as Corynexochus spinulosus. At least sixteen other species, including the type species and two questionably assigned species are included in the genus. Species left in open nomenclature, and which are questionably assigned to Corynexochus, are also discussed in the chapter. The holotype, diagnosis, description, occurrence, and remarks of the species such as Chatiania expansa, Paibianomocare paibiense, and Paraacidaspis species are highlighted in the chapter as well.

Peng Shanchi Publication date: 2006/01/01
Paleontology of Caves

No abstract

Blaine W. Schubert Publication date: 2012/01/01
Paleontology at the “high table”? Popularization and disciplinary status in recent paleontology

Highlights•Books have always played an important role in disciplinary arguments in evolutionary biology.•During the 1980s, popular or semi-popular books were important tools for enhancing the disciplinary status of paleobiology.•In popular evolutionary works, historical arguments have been central weapons for fighting disciplinary battles.

David Sepkoski Publication date: 2014/03/01
Paleontology of the human dentition☆

No abstract

William K. Gregory Publication date: 1929/07/01
Paleontology, sedimentology and stratigraphy in Canada

No abstract

W.G.E. Caldwell Publication date: 1972/05/01
Regular articleThe cave breccias of Berg Aukas, Namibia: a clustering approach to mine dump paleontology

AbstractNo abstract

Glenn C. Conroy Publication date: 1996/04/01
Recent advances in the use of computed tomography in concrete technology and other engineering fields

Highlights•CT-Scan technology is a powerful research tool for researchers of many engineering fields.•A huge amount of research has been conducted during the last decades where this technology plays the core role of the work.•The research fields to which this technology can be applied are almost unlimited, far beyond its well-known medical applications.•Some research fields have been discussed: paleontology, heritage and ancient relics, metals, composites, pavements, rocks, and concrete.•This paper show interesting research lines from many different fields, as a way to transfer know-how between the different research fields.

Miguel A. Vicente Publication date: 2019/03/01
The evolution of Eastern European meridionaloid elephants’ dental characteristics

AbstractIn Late Pliocene – Early Pleistocene of Eastern Europe there was a sequence of replaced each other subspecies of Archidiskodon meridionalis: A. m. rumanus - A. m. gromovi - A. m. meridionalis - A. m. tamanensis, which replaced each other. A specimen of A. m. rumanus from Novotroitsk site was described. Features of stratigraphically attached forms of different age meridionaloid elephants’ samples from the localities of Liventsovka, Georgievsk, Psekups and Sinaya Balka were examined. Dental characteristics of “southern elephants” evolved in a direction with increases of number and lamellar frequency on M2/m2-M3/m3, and increases in length and heights of a crown on DP4/dP4-M1/m1. For large samples, average values of teeth parameters considered together are important.

Vera Baygusheva Publication date: 2012/03/26
EssayOf moas and men: Richard Owen's dinosaur dinner

Victorian scientists boasted about their commitment to progress, cooperation and public education, but paleontology risked being torn apart by personal rivalries.

Patricia Fara Publication date: 2010/12/01
Lead reviewThe unresolved world between taxonomy and population biology: what is, and what is not, macroevolution?: Genetics, Paleontology, and Macroevolution. By Jeffrey Levinton (1988). New York: Cambridge University Press. xiv + 637 pp. $37.50, £27.50. ISBN 0-521-24933-3

No abstract

Frederick S. Szalay Publication date: 1991/03/01
Regular research paperIsotope paleontology: growth and composition of extant calcareous species

AbstractIsotope paleontology uses the isotopic composition of fossil remains of organisms to make inferences about the physical surroundings of growth of the organisms (especially temperature), and to obtain clues about life history and modes of growth. In calcareous fossils, oxygen isotopes are mainly used in the former, and carbon isotopes in the latter. However, since physical surroundings and organism response are intimately associated, both types of information are contained in each of the isotopic signals. To explore the potential of isotope paleontology, and to provide a basis for reconstruction, a broad range of extant organisms has been studied, taking the pioneering work of Epstein and associates as a starting point. Results are summarized for a representative sampling of these studies, with emphasis on work at the laboratories of the authors, from the mid-seventies to the present. The organisms considered are nannoplankton, benthic algae, planktonic and benthic deep-sea fora Read more...

Gerold Wefer Publication date: 1991/09/01
First discovery of colobine fossils from the early to middle Pleistocene of southern Taiwan

AbstractHere we report on two kinds of cercopithecid fossil monkeys (Cercopithecinae and Colobinae) from the early to middle Pleistocene sediments of the Chochen (=Tsochen) area (Tsailiao-chi or Shinhua Hill), southern Taiwan. The fossil specimens include the first fossil record of colobine monkeys from Taiwan, where only macaque monkeys now occur. All cercopithecine fossils were identified as Macaca cf. Macaca cyclopis, the extant Taiwan macaque, except for one extremely large isolated upper molar, which may belong to another macaque species. On the other hand, all colobine specimens fall within the size variation of extant and extinct Rhinopithecus, but its specific status cannot be determined because of the scantiness of the fossil material. In Taiwan, Rhinopithecus presumably became extinct in the late Pleistocene, probably owing to global cooling and vegetation change, whereas macaques, which are of almost the same body size as Rhinopithecus, survived as M. cyclopis to the presen Read more...

Chun-Hsiang Chang Publication date: 2012/09/01
MorphofonctionnelleLes fossiles sont en forme:Quelques aspects du problème des relations entre formes et fonctions en PaléontologieForms/functions relationships in paleontology: Some problems

RésuméDans cet essai introductif, on propose une réflexion méthodologique générale sur quelques aspects du problèmede la reconstitution fonctionnelle en Paléontologie.

A. de Ricqlès Publication date: 1991/01/01
Vertebrate paleontology and the alleged ice-free corridor: The meat of the matter

AbstractThe existence of a full-glacial, ice-free corridor through western Alberta has been argued for many years. It has been assumed to have existed, notwithstanding a near total lack of evidence, by many in the North American archeological community as a means of explaining the occurrence of ‘early man’ south of the ice in early postglacial time. In the last 15 years, much has been done to fill the knowledge gap (including theories on alternate routes) but there is still no consensus. Quaternary vertebrate fossils from Alberta, accompanied by numerous radiocarbon dates with a clear gap between 21 ka BP and at least 11.6 ka BP, now suggest that Alberta was overridden by ice during an extensive Late Wisconsinan glaciation. Therefore, a full-glacial, ice-free corridor could not have existed. However, much of the province could have served as a migration route, northward and southward, both before and after Late Wisconsinan glaciation. The preglacial passage could not have been a Read more...

James A. Burns Publication date: 1996/01/01
Lead ReviewEstimation of Body Mass in Paleontology

AbstractBody Mass in Cercopithecidae (Primates, Mammalia): Estimation and Scaling in Extinct and Extant Taxa By Eric Delson, Carl J. Terranova, William L. Jungers, Eric J. Sargis, Nina G. Jablonski, and Paul C. Dechow (2000). Anthropological Papers, Number 83. New York: American Museum of Natural History. 159 pp. $16.50 (paperback). ISSN 0065-9452.

Richard J. Smith Publication date: 2002/08/01
Geometric morphometrics and geological shape-classification systems

AbstractMany areas of geological inquiry involve the description and/or comparison of shapes. While various morphometric tools have long been available to facilitate these types of comparisons, by far the most common approach to such form-classification has been via the creation of a semiquantitative scale of morphological exemplars, type specimens, etc. to which unknown structures, objects, or specimens can be compared. Such form-scales are ubiquitous—either in terms of text-based descriptions or illustration sets—throughout the geological literature. However, students, and even experienced geologists, often have difficulty using such scales and achieving consistent results. Investigations of three such scales drawn from the fields of sedimentology, paleontology, and geomorphology using the analytical tools of geometric morphometrics suggests that one reason for this difficulty is that the exemplars drawn from sets of real objects (1) often exhibit shape differences other than tho Read more...

N. MacLeod Publication date: 2002/11/01
GR FocusUpdated Gondwana (Permian–Cretaceous) earth history of Australia

AbstractPermo-Carboniferous glaciation, confined to icecaps and mountain glaciers, was followed by Permian coal measures and Early Triassic barren measures and redbeds, in the east terminally deformed in the mid-Triassic. Coal deposition resumed during the Late Triassic, and tholeiite was erupted in the southeast. After rifting, the western margin was formed by the opening of the Indian Ocean at 156 and 132 Ma. At 140 Ma, a brief glaciation affected central Australia. By the 99 Ma mid-Cretaceous, the southern margin was finally shaped by the opening of the southeastern Indian Ocean, the shoreline retreated to the present coast from the maximum Aptian shoreline of an epeiric sea, and the Eastern highlands were uplifted to produce the present morphology of Australia.New data relate to the Permo-Carboniferous and Early Cretaceous glaciations, the Kiaman Reversed Paleomagnetic Interval, events about the Permian–Triassic boundary, including possible impact craters, advances in palynology, Read more...

J.J. Veevers Publication date: 2006/04/01
Mercury concentrations in terrestrial fossil vertebrates from the Bauru Group (Upper Cretaceous), Brazil and implications for vertebrate paleontology

Highlights•Fossils of Baurusuchidae present relatively high quantities of natural Hg.•Adult Baurusuchidae have about 30% more Hg than juvenile ones.•Volcanic activities and igneous rocks provided the Hg found in fossils.

Felipe Mendes S. Cardia Publication date: 2018/10/01
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