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Magnetism is a class of physical phenomena that are mediated by magnetic fields. Electric currents and the magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, which acts on other currents and magnetic moments.

2655 Results for the subject "Magnetism":

Uses of neutron and X-ray beams to investigate magnetism

AbstractExperimental techniques using beams of neutrons and X-ray have more than proved their worth in studies of magnetism. Their similarities and differences will be discussed, and illustrated with reference to recent experimental studies of surface and bulk magnetism.

Sean Langridge Publication date: 2001/06/01
Carbon induced magnetism of SnO2 surfaces

Highlights•We investigate surface magnetism in (110), (001) and (101) surfaces of SnO2:C.•(110) surface provides the main contribution to the surface magnetism of SnO2:C.•Magnetism predominantly come from C-2p orbitals and crystal field transformation.

Ying-Bo Lu Publication date: 2015/11/15
Electricity and magnetism

AbstractThis article describes the principles of basic electricity and magnetism to enable the reader to develop an understanding of the electronics used in anaesthetic equipment. Electrical charge, current, magnetism, electromagnetic induction, power, capacitance and impedance are described; diagrams explain magnetic flux and alternating current.

Adrian K Dashfield Publication date: 2005/09/01
Mn fraction substitutional site and defects induced magnetism in Mn-implanted 6H-SiC

Highlights•Shallow Mn-implanted 6H-SiC crystal.•Correlation between Mn-substitutional site concentration and magnetism.•Correlation between defects nature surrounding Mn site and magnetism.•Correlation of magnetism in Mn-doped SiC to Mn at Si sites and vacancy-related defect.

K. Bouziane Publication date: 2015/05/25
The role of R-M compounds in the understanding of magnetism

AbstractA survey of magnetic properties of R-M compounds is given by discussing some aspects of the magnetism answerable solely to itinerant d electrons, then of the magnetism involving localised f electrons and finally of the coupling between them. An emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the magnetic behaviours which either have been of relevance in bringing advances in the understanding of magnetism or are raising up an added impetus for further investigations.

R. Ballou Publication date: 1994/01/01
Original articleCytotoxic effect of ferrimagnetic glass-ceramic nanocomposites on bone osteosarcoma cells

AbstractThis work pointed out the anti-cancer effect of ferrimagnetic glass ceramic nanocomposites (CaO-ZnO-Fe2O3-SiO2), which contain high amount of magnetite (∼60%), crystallite size <100 nm, and different nucleating agents on bone cancer Saos-2 cells. The cell viability was inhibited by FH and FW to <50% and <25%, respectively, with/without magnetism, and both also reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔYm), with/without magnetism (no influence of magnetism). Histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity was inhibited by FH, FW, and FHPNT, with/without magnetism. FHP3/magnetism resulted in HDAC inhibition.In absence of magnetism, FH and FW increased both necrotic and apoptotic cell death, while FW/magnetism induced late apoptosis. DNA fragmentation was increased by FH- and FW-treatment, with/without magnetism. At the same time, FW and FH/magnetism can efficiently induce the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in Saos-2 cells, whereas FW with/without magnetism and FH/ Read more...

Amira M. Gamal-Eldeen Publication date: 2017/04/01
Strain modulations of magnetism in Fe-doped InSe monolayer

Highlights•Fe substituting In atom is energetically favorable and can induce magnetism in InSe monolayer.•The magnetic moments of the system are insensitive to the range of −6% to 6% strain.•The larger tensile strain can reduce the magnetism sharply.•Tensile strain up to 8% can induce a transition from semiconductor to metal.

Xueping Li Publication date: 2017/10/01
First-principles study of the origin of magnetism induced by intrinsic defects in monolayer MoS2

Highlights•Mo absorption and Mo substituted at S site induce the magnetism.•The origin of the magnetism is mainly from the Mo adatom and substitutional atom.•SMo and VMo realize the n-type and p-type semiconductor behavior, respectively.

D. Cao Publication date: 2016/01/15
PhysicsElectricity and magnetism

AbstractThis article introduces essential concepts of electricity and magnetism relevant to anaesthesia. Simple analogies are used to explain current electricity and the action of electronic components in common use. The concept of electric and magnetic fields is introduced with examples of their practical application.

David Williams Publication date: 2014/07/01
Evidence of surface magnetism in the V/Nb(0 0 1) system: A total energy pseudopotential calculation

AbstractWe determine that an overlayer of vanadium (V) on Nb(0 0 1) shows ferromagnetic activity, using the pseudopotential method with a local spin density approximation (LSDA), under the density functional theory (DFT). Precisely calculated total energy, with and without relaxation shows the ferromagnetic (FM) state to have lower energy than the paramagnetic one. The non-relaxed V overlayer has appreciable magnetism of 0.76 μB. On relaxation, due to the large values of relaxation (−22.5%) obtained there is complete hybridization of the V and Nb d bands and the magnetism is drastically reduced to 0.2 μB. Since we know, that the LSDA under estimates the magnetism, a finding of magnetism, however weak, represents the physical reality. This is in qualitative agreement with our previous work and contradicts the results of Kim and Lee.

A.A. Ramanathan Publication date: 2008/01/15
Magnetism resurgence in the Y-Ni alloys studied on the YNi3 compound

AbstractWhereas YNi5 is a Pauli paramagnet a magnetism resurgence occurs for larger Y amounts, as observed in Y2Ni7 and YNi3. YNi3 is a very weak itinerant ferromagnet which behaves as ZrZn2. Polarized neutron experiments show that the magnetism resurgence arises essentially from the 3d Ni electrons.

D. Gignoux Publication date: 1980/01/01
Foundations and Preliminary Results on Medical Diagnosis by Nuclear Magnetism

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses the foundations and preliminary results on medical diagnosis by nuclear magnetism. The identification of diseases, which is the object of medical diagnosis, is often a difficult task that is in consistent search of new methods. Diagnosis is traditionally based on the results of external observation and an interview with the patient. The method of nuclear magnetism is based on the study of the magnetization of the nuclei of certain atoms when they are subjected to the action of an external magnetic field. The fact that nuclear magnetism is the basis of the study presents some advantages. There is neither absorption nor diffusion that is not entirely due to the studied phenomenon. A consequence of this fact is that the energy involved in nuclear magnetism is quite weak. Nuclear magnetism makes it possible to study the dynamics of materials in the molecular level, without appreciable perturbations.

Georges J. Béné Publication date: 1979/01/01
Theories for the origin of lunar magnetism

AbstractThis paper reviews the major theories which have been proposed to explain the remanent magnetism found in the lunar crust. A total of nine different mechanisms for lunar magnetism are discussed and evaluated in the light of the theoretical and experimental constraints pertinent to lunar magnetism. We conclude that none of these theories in their present state of development satisfy all the known constraints. However, the theories which agree best with our present understanding of the Moon are meteorite impact magnetization, thermoelectric dynamo field generation, and an early solar wind field.

William D. Daily Publication date: 1979/11/01
Preface to volume 7

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses the development in magnetism. The chapter combines new development in magnetism with the achievements of earlier compilations of monographs, to produce a worthy successor to Bozorth's classical and monumental book ferromagnetism. Magnetism has expanded into a variety of different areas of research, comprising the magnetism of several classes of novel materials that share with ferromagnetic materials only the presence of magnetic moments. A substantial step forward in the understanding of metallic magnetism is reached by means of electronic band structure calculation. The progress in magnetism is due to sophistication in the computational methodology. The chapter reviews the elements primarily with 4f and 5f systems, including examples of the large group of intermetallic compounds. The physics behind these band calculations are focused. Thin film technology is a key issue in high density magnetic and magneto-optical recording. The magnetism of ult Read more...

K.H.J. Buschow Publication date: 1993/01/01
Preface to volume 9

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses the new developments in magnetism. Magnetism has seen an enormous expansion into a variety of different areas of research in the past few years, comprising the magnetism of several classes of novel materials that share with truly ferromagnetic materials only the presence of magnetic moments. The magnetism of the majority of metallic systems can be described by the concepts of localized or itinerant moment magnetism. These traditional concepts are not able to describe the magnetism of a large class of materials generally indicated as heavy-fermion systems. The magnetism of these strongly correlated charge-carrier systems has developed from two different sources, the Kondo-impurity concept and the intermediate-valence concept. The results of electronic band structure calculations and their beneficial influence on the understanding of magnetism in many materials are emphasized in the chapter. The chapter also discusses muon spin rotation and gives a Read more...

K.H.J. Buschow Publication date: 1995/01/01
Edge magnetism and electronic structure properties of zigzag nanoribbons of arsenene and antimonene

Highlights•Metallic edge states found for zigzag nanoribbons of arsenene and antimonene.•Edge magnetism performed for different magnetic configurations.•Antiferromagnetic semiconducting ground state originates.•Edge magnetism vanished for hydrogen atom passivation and makes it insulator.•Magnetism restored for oxygen atom passivation.

M. Abid Publication date: 2017/11/01
Magnetism in Cr thin films on V(001)

AbstractThe magnetism of Cr layers on V(001) is determined by using a tight-binding Hubbard Hamiltonian in the unrestricted Hartree–Fock approximation. In all cases we obtain an antiferromagnetic (AF) coupling between Cr and nearest neighbors V with an important increase of the Cr magnetic moment at the interface as compared to its bulk value, and the magnetic moment on the V atoms decreases when the number of Cr layers increases. We find that the hybridization of the V and Cr d-bands plays an important role in determining the magnetism of the Cr/V(001) system.

A Boussendel Publication date: 1998/07/18
Magnetism and spatial order in Ni-Pt and Co-Pt alloys

AbstractThe interplay between magnetism and spatial order has been investigated in Ni-Pt and Co-Pt systems. Equilibrium chemical and magnetic phase diagrams have been determined. The effect of ordering on magnetic properties has been measured. Strong independence of magnetism and spatial ordering is observed.

M.C. Cadeville Publication date: 1986/02/01
Magnetism in future

AbstractAs a backdrop to help focus on the shape of magnetism in future, seven ages in the history of magnetism from ancient times to the 20th century are discussed. Drivers and beneficiaries are identified in each age. Some current trends in the areas of hard magnets, soft magnets and magnetic recording are described and extrapolated. Key developments are the ability to structure materials and devices on characteristic magnetic length scales in the nanometer range, and the emergence of the new science of spin electronics. Some speculative suggestions about areas where breakthroughs could be expected in future are included.

J.M.D Coey Publication date: 2001/05/01
Induced magnetism in transition metal-doped 1T-ZrS2

Highlights•Pristine 1T-ZrS2 is a semiconductor with indirect gaps of 1.106eV.•Magnetism can be observed for V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu doped system.•Strong p–d hybridization was found between TM 3d orbitals and S 3p orbitals.•V-doped ZrS2 has relatively wide half-metallic gap (0.450eV).

Xu Zhao Publication date: 2017/02/25
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