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Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans.

3891 Results for the subject "Geochemistry":

NoteHistory of the recognition of organic geochemistry in geoscience

AbstractThe discipline of organic geochemistry is an outgrowth of the application of the principles and methods of organic chemistry to sedimentary geology. Its origin goes back to the last part of the nineteenth century and the first part of the twentieth century concurrent with the evolution of the applied discipline of petroleum geochemistry. In fact, organic geochemistry was strongly influenced by developments in petroleum geochemistry. Now, however, organic geochemistry is considered an umbrella geoscience discipline of which petroleum geochemistry is an important component.

Keith A. Kvenvolden Publication date: 2002/04/01
Chapter 1 What goes around comes around: Today's environmental geochemistry

AbstractWhat is environmental geochemistry? Is it simply the application of geochemical techniques to environmental media such as water or soil? Is it the study of contaminants and pollutants? Is it all low temperature geochemistry exclusive of the biosphere and natural weathering processes? For certain the definition is complex. The field is clearly diverse as is evidenced in this book. Indeed this book best represents the complexity of the field, a snapshot, if you will, of concepts and applications in the field. Bearing in mind that the field is ever changing, a dynamic and evolving discipline, we provide a brief historical perspective and an attempt to define today's environmental geochemistry.

Robyn Hannigan Publication date: 2007/01/01
Geochemistry of Alpine serpentinites from rifting to subduction: A view across paleogeographic domains and metamorphic grade

Highlights•Geochemistry of serpentinites from the Western Alps is consistent with an abyssal origin in a hyper-extended rifted margin.•Relict spinels have low Cr#s and high Mg#s suggesting low degrees of melt depletion.•Trace element gradients in serpentinites support interaction with sedimentary-derived fluids and mobility of Pb, Ba, Cs, U, Rb during subduction.•Serpentinite-crustal contact is analogous to the slab–mantle interface.

Jaime D. Barnes Publication date: 2014/12/11
Petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry of Cretaceous sediment samples from western Khorat Plateau, Thailand, and considerations on their provenance

Highlights•Geochemistry suggests the passive continental margin of the Khorat Plateau.•Geochemistry and mineralogy indicate granite, granodiorite or pegmatite sources.•High silica content and high maturity index indicate the sediment reworking.•CIA values represent high degree of weathering of the different source areas.

Seriwat Saminpanya Publication date: 2014/04/01
Impact of harbour, industry and sewage on the phosphorus geochemistry of a subtropical estuary in Brazil

Highlights•Low DO, high levels of DIP and N-ammonium indicated hypoxic bottom waters.•P–Fe and Porg are the predominant forms of sedimentary phosphorus.•Organic matter plays a significant role in the phosphorus and iron geochemistry.•About 53% of the analysed sediments presented fair and poor quality.

Glaucia B.B. Berbel Publication date: 2015/04/15
Paleoclimate reconstruction from petrography and biomarker geochemistry from Permian humic coals in Sydney Coal Basin (Australia)

Highlights•Petrography and organic geochemistry study of Permian coals from the Sydney Coal Basin•The petrography and geochemistry allowed us to propose a paleoclimatic interpretation.•We compared our data with isotopic data to confirm our interpretation.

A. Izart Publication date: 2015/01/15
Influence of metaluminous granite mineralogy on the rare earth element geochemistry of rocks and soils along a climosequence in Brazil

Highlights•XRD, SEM and EDS are used to relate granite signatures and REE geochemistry in soils.•I-type granite mineralogy affects the REE geochemistry of soils.•Bastnaesite seems to be the major source of REE in I-type granite and their soils.•Weathering processes showed significant impact on REE fractionation in soil profiles.•The highest LREE/HREE fractionation was found in the humid zone.

Ygor Jacques Agra Bezerra da Silva Publication date: 2017/11/15
Magnesium isotope geochemistry in the Han River, South Korea

Highlights•We studied Mg isotope geochemistry in the Han River, South Korea.•Lithological differences are reflected in elemental and Sr isotope geochemistry.•However, fractionation during silicate dissolution controls δ26Mg in the NHR.•While, groundwater input may affect δ26Mg in the SHR.

Sin-Woo Lee Publication date: 2014/01/22
Modern foraminifera, δ13C, and bulk geochemistry of central Oregon tidal marshes and their application in paleoseismology

Highlights•Compared tidal marsh foraminiferal assemblages with δ13C and bulk geochemistry data•3 elevation dependent groups in both foraminiferal and δ13C/bulk geochemistry data•Developed new semi-quantitative method to assess magnitude of coseismic subsidence•Applied the method to a stratigraphic contact marking the AD 1700 earthquake•Produced a subsidence estimate of 0.71 ± 0.56 m

Simon E. Engelhart Publication date: 2013/05/01
Quaternary evolution of the rivers of northeast Hainan Island, China: Tracking the history of avulsion from mineralogy and geochemistry of river and delta sands

Highlights•Fe-Ti oxides and Fe-(hydr)oxides dominate heavy minerals and coat detrital grains.•Specific minerals and trace elements linked to specific sources•Bulk sample REE controlled by monazite, allanite, titanite, zircon and epidote•River avulsion tracked by heavy minerals and bulk geochemistry of sands•Geochemistry of sands insufficient for provenance interpretation, needs mineralogy

Georgia Pe-Piper Publication date: 2016/03/15
Research paperPetrography and geochemistry of Paleocene–Eocene limestones in the Ching-dar syncline, eastern Iran

Highlights•Petrography and geochemistry reveals diagenesis of Ching-dar limestones.•Elemental composition of the Ching-dar limestones demonstrates their stabilization in meteoric phreatic environment.•Variation of Sr/Ca versus Mn suggests diagenetic alteration in open system.

S. Halimeh Hashemi Azizi Publication date: 2014/05/01
Landscape geochemistry: retrospect and prospect—1990

AbstractAt present, the terms Environmental Geochemistry and Applied Geochemistry are poorly defined in English. In fact they usually mean just what a particular geochemist, or geochemist(s), wishes them to mean.There is a less common term, Landscape Geochemistry, which describes a holistic scientific discipline aimed at the geochemistry of the environment. Although little known outside the U.S.S.R., the basics of landscape geochemistry were first described more than 60 a ago. Since then, landscape geochemistry has had a history pertinent to all scientists who participate in environmental geochemistry today.This review traces the evolution of landscape geochemistry, and related disciplines, over the past 90 a and shows how they all relate to the development of modern environmental geochemistry worldwide.In landscape geochemistry, the term “landscape” refers to both the horizontal stratification of land (e.g. into terrestial, bog and aquatic ecosystems which co-exist in an area of c Read more...

John A.C. Fortescue Publication date: 1992/01/01
Stratigraphy, palaeontology and geochemistry of the late Neoproterozoic Aar Member, southwest Namibia: Reflecting environmental controls on Ediacara fossil preservation during the terminal Proterozoic in African Gondwana

Highlights•A new late Neoproterozoic sequence in of Southern Africa.•Drivers for Ediacaran evolution just prior to their great extinction.•Geochemistry/geochronology of late Neoproterozoic Nama Group paleoenvironment.

Michael Hall Publication date: 2013/11/01
Sandstone petrology and geochemistry of the Oligocene–Early Miocene Panjgur Formation, Makran accretionary wedge, southwest Pakistan: Implications for provenance, weathering and tectonic setting

Highlights•Sandstones of the Panjgur Formation are quartzolitic and of recycled provenance.•Trace element geochemistry indicates felsic and ultramafic/mafic source rocks.•Major element geochemistry indicates an active continental margin tectonic setting.•Uplift of the Himalayan orogenic belt provided initial felsic dominated sediments.•Ultramafic/mafic sediment is from volcanics to the west and ophiolites to the east.

Akhtar Muhammad Kassi Publication date: 2015/06/01
A Late Holocene palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of Ulong Island, Palau, from starch grain, charcoal, and geochemistry analyses

Highlights•Starch, charcoal, and geochemistry analyses reveal three phases of land use at Ulong Island, Palau.•Permanent settlements arose on Ulong as early as 2000 BP.•Large quantities of starch grains are recoverable from ponded sediments in Palau.

Gina Farley Publication date: 2018/12/01
Sphalerite geochemistry of the Zn-Pb orebodies in the Taebaeksan metallogenic province, Korea

Highlights•The Zn-Pb orebodies in the Taebaeksan region were formed by magmatic-hydrothermal activities.•Economic Zn-Pb mineralization is associated with minimal fluid-rock interaction.•Trace elements in sphalerites show a temperature-dependent systematic trend.•Geochemistry of the sphalerite provides insights regarding hidden Zn-Pb orebody.

Jun Hee Lee Publication date: 2019/04/01
Geochemistry of sandstones from the Pliocene Gabir Formation, north Marsa Alam, Red Sea, Egypt: Implication for provenance, weathering and tectonic setting

Highlights•The study deals with geochemistry and tectonic provenance of the Gabir sandstones.•Proterozoic granites, metagabbros and metavolcanics are the sources.•They were deposited in an active continental margin of a synrift basin.•CIA values indicate low to moderate weathering, in cold and/or arid climate.•Also, their deposition constrained the beginning of the faulting.

Samir M. Zaid Publication date: 2015/02/01
Iron availability as a dominant control on the primary composition and diagenetic overprint of organic-matter-rich rocks

Highlights•We study mudstone geochemistry in marine ramp setting.•Enrichment in Fe, P, Mo, As and Sb, excluding U may be a proxy to iron shuttle.•Limitation in reactive iron increases sulfurization-induced protection of OM.•It may be also the case for marine environments with no strong productivity•Iron supply is a key factor for (in-)organic geochemistry of margin sediments.

Nicolas Tribovillard Publication date: 2015/04/24
Mineralogy, geochemistry, and Sr-Pb isotopic geochemistry of hydrothermal massive sulfides from the 15.2°S hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Highlights•The massive sulfides are dominated by pyrite with little sphalerite and chalcopyrite.•The 15.2°S hydrothermal field is a typical N-MORB type hydrothermal field.•The metals of the sulfides are mainly derived from leaching the surrounding basalts.•Hydrothermal fluids mixing with large percentage of seawater during precipitation

Hao Wang Publication date: 2018/04/01
From the dawn of organic geochemistry (1933, 1938): Estrogenic substances in bituminous deposits and in the Dead Sea

AbstractWe describe several pioneering organic geochemical studies from the 1930s on estrogenic substances isolated from various fossil fuels and bituminous materials and from water and sediments of the Dead Sea. The techniques employed were bioanalytical and not chemical. One of the studies, although not done on the same molecular level as his, precedes the work of Alfred Treibs, who is considered the father of organic geochemistry. By shedding light on a relatively unknown chapter of organic geochemistry, the roots of this discipline are shown to extend wider than usually recognized.

Arie Nissenbaum Publication date: 2011/06/01
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