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Cytopathology is a branch of pathology that studies and diagnoses diseases on the cellular level. The discipline was founded by George Nicolas Papanicolaou in 1928. Cytopathology is generally used on samples of free cells or tissue fragments, in contrast to histopathology, which studies whole tissues.

2009 Results for the subject "Cytology":

Nasal cytology with deep learning techniques

Highlights•Nasal cytology is a common diagnostic procedure in clinical practice.•Informatics may fruitfully improve the value of nasal cytology, mainly concnerning precision, and data archiving.•Rhino-cyt may be a useful way to manage nasal cytology in daily medicine.

Giovanni Dimauro Publication date: 2019/02/01
PancreasClinical importance of intraoperative peritoneal cytology in patients with pancreatic cancer

BackgroundThe clinical importance of intraoperative peritoneal cytology in patients with pancreatic cancer remains incompletely understood.MethodsPeritoneal washing samples were collected from 411 consecutive patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from 1996 to 2014. Of the 411 patients, 335 underwent macroscopically curative resection and 76 with noncurative factors did not undergo resection. We compared long-term outcomes between patients with positive cytology (cytology+) and those with negative cytology (cytology−) and investigated the importance of clinicopathologic factors.ResultsOf 335 patients with curative resection, 300 (89.6%) were cytology− and 35 (10.4%) were cytology+. The median overall survival of cytology+ patients was less than that of cytology− patients (16 vs 31 months, respectively; P < .0001). The median overall survival of cytology+ patients with noncurative factors was significantly worse than that of cytology+ patients with curative re Read more...

Toshiya Abe Publication date: 2017/04/01
Peritoneal cytology in patients with endometrial carcinoma

AbstractPeritoneal cytology was obtained in 61 patients with carcinoma of the endometrium at the time of laparotomy. The incidence of positive peritoneal cytology was 23.0%. It increased as the clinical stage advanced. The incidence of positive peritoneal cytology in patients with well-differentiated carcinoma or superficial myometrial invasion was low. The rate of paraaortic lymph node metastasis was higher in patients with positive peritoneal cytology than in patients with negative peritoneal cytology. However, this trend was not recognized in pelvic lymph node metastasis. In the positive peritoneal cytology group, 64.3% had disease outside of the uterus, while in the negative group only 12.8%. The 2-year survival rate in patients with positive peritoneal cytology was 57.1% and it was 86.4% in patients with negative peritoneal cytology. It is concluded that the findings of positive peritoneal cytology is an important prognostic factor and routine peritoneal cytology should be obtaine Read more...

Masashi Imachi Publication date: 1988/05/01
Evaluation of Bladder Washing Cytology for Bladder Cancer Surveillance

AbstractUrinary cytology is almost as accurate as cystoscopy in appraising the presence or absence of visible tumor. Falsely negative results are virtually limited to low stage, low grade tumors. Urinary cytology often provides information about the neoplastic state of the epithelium not provided by cystoscopic examination. Cytology has become practical and simple to do even as an office procedure. Urinary cytology must be considered an essential part of patient management in bladder cancer surveillance.

Malachi J. Flanagan Publication date: 1978/01/01
Patterns of repeated anal cytology results among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men

AbstractBackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for anal cancer. In cervical cancer screening, patterns of repeated cytology results are used to identify low- and high-risk women, but little is known about these patterns for anal cytology among MSM.MethodsWe analyzed Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) data for MSM who were offered anal cytology testing annually (HIV-positive) or every 2 years (HIV-negative) for 4 years.ResultsFollowing an initial negative (normal) cytology, the frequency of a second negative cytology was lower among HIV-positive MSM with CD4 ≥ 500 (74%) or CD4 < 500 (68%) than HIV-negative MSM (83%) (p < 0.001). After an initial abnormal cytology, the frequency of a second abnormal cytology was highest among HIV-positive MSM with CD4 < 500 (70%) compared to CD4 ≥ 500 (53%) or HIV-negative MSM (46%) (p = 0.003). Among HIV-positive MSM with at least three results, 37% had 3 consecutive negative re Read more...

Hilary A. Robbins Publication date: 2018/06/01
Bladder CancerUroVysion Compared with Cytology and Quantitative Cytology in the Surveillance of Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

AbstractObjectivesThe multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization probe set Vysis UroVysion, consisting of probes for chromosomes 3, 7, and 17 and for the 9p21 band, was studied to evaluate its value in the follow-up of patients with bladder cancer. The results were compared with conventional cytology and quantitative cytology (Quanticyt). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether UroVysion is a better adjunct to urethrocystoscopy than cytology and quantitative cytology.MethodsUroVysion, cytology, and quantitative cytology were performed on 113 voided urinary samples of 105 patients under surveillance for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Before urethrocystoscopy or transurethral resection of the bladder, a voided urinary sample was obtained. Results of all tests were compared to evaluate the value of UroVysion.ResultsSixty-four patients had biopsy-proven urothelial cell carcinoma. Sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 39.1% and 89.7% for UroVysion, 40.6% and 89.7% Read more...

Paula M.J. Moonen Publication date: 2007/05/01
Peritoneal cytology and invasive carcinoma of the cervix

AbstractOne hundred thirty-nine patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix underwent laparotomy at the University of South Florida between February 1980 and November 1983. One hundred nineteen had laparotomy prior to treatment and 20 after treatment for recurrence or some other reason. One hundred twenty patients had negative peritoneal cytology, 8 had equivocal cytology and 11 had positive cytology. Positive peritoneal cytology was more common in higher-stage disease and was statistically significantly more common in patients with positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes (P < 0.05). The rate of peritoneal cytologic positivity in patients with squamous carcinoma was the same as that for adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma. Positive peritoneal cytology was associated with a very poor prognosis but was associated with other poor prognostic factors in all but 1 patient. Equivocal cytology did not seem to be of any particular significance. No patient in this series had an alt Read more...

William S. Roberts Publication date: 1986/07/01
Regular ArticlePreoperative Cervical Cytology in Endometrial Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathologic Relevance

AbstractObjective.The aim of this study was to assess the significance of malignant or suspicious cervical cytology in preoperative identification of poor prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma and to determine whether preoperative abnormal cervical cytology is an independent prognostic factor for endometrial carcinoma.Methods.We evaluated the correlation between preoperative cervical cytology and postoperative clinicopathologic findings, sites of metastasis, and receptor status from 99 surgically staged patients with endometrial carcinoma.Results.Sixty-eight patients (68.7%) had normal cervical cytology, 1 (1.0%) had atypical cytology suspicious for malignancy, and 30 (30.3%) had malignant cytology on preoperative cervical cytology. Malignant and suspicious cervical smears were statistically correlated with surgical stage (P= 0.001), histopathology (P= 0.010), tumor grade (P= 0.012), depth of myometrial tumor invasion (P= 0.001), cervical involvement (P= 0.01), lymph node metasta Read more...

Koichi Fukuda Publication date: 1999/03/01
Cutaneous cytology2

AbstractCutaneous cytology is the study of scrapings or smears obtained from lesions of the skin. Although not commonly employed, cutaneous cytology has become a useful tool for clinicians due to the development of simplified procedures and staining technics. This review describes basic principles and illustrates the usefulness of cutaneous cytology in studying selected vesiculobullous and pustular dermatoses, neoplasms, superficial fungal infections, and miscellaneous applicable disorders. Sophisticated diagnostic tumor cytology and new methodology, such as immunohistochemistry and intricate morphometric analyses, are also briefly discussed.

Ronald J. Barr Publication date: 1984/02/01
Value of endobiliary brush cytology and biopsies for the diagnosis of malignant bile duct stenosis: results of a prospective study☆☆☆★

AbstractBackground: Before considering a nonsurgical method of management of a bile duct stenosis, a tissue diagnosis is highly desirable. In a prospective study we have evaluated the feasibility and reliability of endobiliary brush cytology and biopsies performed at the time of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.Methods: Two hundred thirty-three consecutive patients underwent an attempt at endobiliary brush cytology and biopsies of bile duct stenosis when no mass was detected on ultrasound and CT scan.Results: The material for cytology was sufficient for analysis in 210 cases (90%) and biopsies were obtained in 128 cases (55%). One hundred fifteen patients had both cytology and biopsies (49%). For the diagnosis of malignant stenosis, the sensitivity was 35% for cytology, 43% for biopsies, and 63% for the combination of cytology and biopsies. For both cytology and biopsies, the specificity was 97%. In the cases of cancer primarily involving the bile ducts, the sensitivity was 86% wh Read more...

Thierry Ponchon Publication date: 1995/12/01
Baseline predictors of negative and incomplete pleural cytology in patients with suspected pleural malignancy – Data supporting ‘Direct to LAT’ in selected groups

Highlights•Asbestos exposure is an independent predictor of negative pleural fluid cytology.•A malignant CT is an independent predictor of negative pleural fluid cytology.•Failure of predictive marker testing in pleural fluid is common in ovarian cancer.•Negative pleural fluid cytology is associated with an increased time to diagnosis.

Selina Tsim Publication date: 2019/07/01
Clinical InvestigationsSputum Cytology-Positive, Bronchoscopically Negative Adenocarcinoma of the Lung

Among a total of 114 cases of resected lung adenocarcinoma that were examined by sputum cytologic study before bronchoscopy, 17 were sputum cytology-positive, but had no abnormal bronchoscopic findings. In most of these cases, the reason for detection was sputum and bloody sputum (58.8 percent). Pathologically, many cases were classified as stage in A or more (82.4 percent) due to mediastinal lymph node metastases. More than 70 percent of the cases showed vascular invasion. The proportion of well-differentiated cases was also high (52.9 percent). The prognosis of these cases was worse than sputum cytology-negative adenocarcinoma without abnormal bronchoscopic findings and better than sputum cytology-positive adenocarcinoma with abnormal bronchoscopic findings. There was no significant difference between these cases and sputum cytology-negative adenocarcinoma with abnormal bronchoscopic findings. Combined with the bronchoscopic findings, sputum cytologic study is useful for preoperative Read more...

Hiroyuki Miura Publication date: 1992/11/01
A novel precision-engineered microfiltration device for capture and characterisation of bladder cancer cells in urine

AbstractBackgroundSensitivity of standard urine cytology for detecting urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is low, attributable largely to its inability to process entire samples, paucicellularity and presence of background cells.ObjectiveEvaluate performance and practical applicability of a novel portable microfiltration device for capture, enumeration and characterisation of exfoliated tumour cells in urine, and compare it with standard urine cytology for UCB detection.MethodsA total of 54 urine and bladder wash samples from patients undergoing surveillance for UCB were prospectively evaluated by standard and microfilter-based urine cytology. Head-to-head comparison of quality and performance metrics, and cost effectiveness was conducted for both methodologies.ResultsFive samples were paucicellular by standard cytology; no samples processed by microfilter cytology were paucicellular. Standard cytology had 33.3% more samples with background cells that limited evaluation (p & Read more...

Marc Birkhahn Publication date: 2013/10/01
Adult urologyConsecutive quantitative cytology in bladder cancer

AbstractObjectives. Quantitative cytology (Quanticyt) provides an objective reproducible alternative for routine cytology. To increase the sensitivity of cytology, we studied the application of consecutive cytology in patients in follow-up for superficial bladder cancer.Methods. Between 1991 and 1998, a set of five or more bladder wash samples was obtained from 614 patients. These patients were retrospectively studied for follow-up data. Each sample was scored according to the Quanticyt risk score.Results. In 614 patients (508 men, 106 women), 5832 bladder wash samples were taken. The mean interval between the first and fifth sample per patient was 21.5 months (SD 13.8 months). The mean number of tumor recurrences per patient was 2.17 (SD 1.82). The risk score of the first sample was not predictive of recurrence. Invasive disease was found in 0%, 0%, and 0.8% of patients with one low, intermediate, and high-risk sample, respectively. After five samples, the corresponding rate was 0%, 0 Read more...

H.G van der Poel Publication date: 2000/10/01
OncologyUse of the NMP22 BladderChek Test in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Urothelial Cancer: A Cross-sectional Study

ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of the nuclear matrix protein (NMP) 22 BladderChek test (NMP22BC) in the detection and follow-up of urothelial carcinoma.Material and MethodsA total of 1021 patients who underwent the NMP22BC, cytology, and cystoscopy, were studied. We divided the patients into 2 groups: group I consisted of 597 patients who were being followed up for previous urothelial carcinoma, and group II consisted of 424 patients with hematuria. The sensitivity and specificity of the NMP22BC, cytology, and the combination (NMP22BC + cytology) were compared.ResultsOf the 1021 patients, 131 were diagnosed with urothelial cancer. The overall sensitivities for the NMP22BC, cytology, and the combination were 32.1%, 38.2%, and 52.7%, respectively. In group I, the sensitivity of the NMP22BC was lower than the sensitivity of cytology (22.58% vs 35.5%); there was no difference between the sensitivity of the NMP22BC and that of cytology in group II (40.58% vs 40.58%). For the combinat Read more...

Eu Chang Hwang Publication date: 2011/01/01
Evaluation of cystography for detection of bladder carcinoma in mice Comparison with Urinary Cytology

AbstractCystography was compared to urinary cytology in an effort to determine whether or not this modality might be useful in the detection of FANFT-induced bladder tumors in mice. Compared to gross examination of the bladders in 24 mice, cystography had the same degree of accuracy as urinary cytology - 79.2 per cent. Comparison of the cystographic and cytologic diagnoses with histology revealed that cytology was more accurate, 79.2 vs 66.6 per cent. Cystography was especially helpful in detecting papillary tumors while cytology was more accurate in the detection of high-grade, high-stage tumors or carcinoma in situ (CIS). Cystography in mice can complement cytology as an additional useful technique for detection of bladder carcinoma.

Israel Nissenkorn Publication date: 1981/07/01
Positive peritoneal cytology is highly predictive of prognosis and relapse patterns in stage III (FIGO 2009) endometrial cancer

Highlights•Positive peritoneal cytology predicts poor outcome in stage III endometrial cancer.•Positive cytology is independently associated with risk of relapse and death.•The excess relapses occur in the para-aortic nodes and peritoneum.

S.A. Milgrom Publication date: 2013/07/01
Lochial and endometrial cytological changes during the first 10 days post-partum with special reference to the nature of foaling and puerperium in equine

Highlights•Endometrial cytology is a valuable approach for detecting intrauterine inflammation.•In puerperal mares, endometrial cytology is correlated with the conditions of foaling.•Hemacolor staining is useful for endometrial cytology in the mare.•Type of birth is the parameter with the strongest influence on the neutrophil content.•Reproductive success at foal heat/next heat can be optimized by accurate monitoring.

Judith Krohn Publication date: 2019/11/01
The prognostic significance of positive peritoneal cytology in endometrial cancer and its correlations with L1-CAM biomarker

Highlights•Peritoneal positive cytology could be an independent risk factor for endometrial cancer prognosis.•L1CAM are related to tumor progression.•Peritoneal positive cytology and L1CAM could be a potential additional tool for endometrial cancer stratification.

Enrico Vizza Publication date: 2019/03/01
Endometrial cytologic study in asymptomatic postmenopausal patients

AbstractThe findings of an endometrial cytology study with endometrial lavage in 231 asymptomatic post- and perimenopausal patients have been presented. The incidence of suspicious and positive cytology is relatively high (9 percent), although numbers are small. Endometrial cytology findings and Cytohormonal patterns are presented and correlated both in the entire group and in those with abnormal cytology. Endometrial lavage is, in our opinion, a good screenitzg method for endometrial cytologic assessment.

T.A. Doran Publication date: 1968/02/15
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