Mid-range left ventricular ejection fraction: Clinical profile and cause of death in ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure☆
Review articleOpen access
2017/08/01 Full-length article DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.032
Journal: International Journal of Cardiology
Abstract:
AbstractBackgroundThe intermediate group of patients with heart failure (HF) and mid-range left ventricular ejection fraction (HFmrEF) may constitute a specific phenotype, but a direct evidence is lacking. This study aimed to know whether this HF category is accompanied by a particular clinical phenotype and prognosis.Methods and resultsThis study includes 3446 ambulatory patients with chronic HF from two national registries. According to EF at enrollment, patients were classified as reduced (HFrEF, < 40%), mid-range (HFmrEF, 40–49%) or preserved (HFpEF, ≥ 50%). Patients were followed-up for a median of 41 months and the specific cause of death was prospectively registered. Patients with HFmrEF represented 13% of population and they exhibited a phenotype closer to HFrEF, except for a higher rate of coronary revascularization and diabetes, and a less advanced HF syndrome. The observed all-cause mortality was higher among HFrEF (33.0%), and similar between HFmrEF (27.8%) and HFpEF (28.0%) (p = 0.012); however, the contribution of each cause of death differed significantly between categories (p < 0.001). After propensity score matching, the risk of cardiovascular death, HF death or sudden cardiac death did not differ between HFmrEF and HFrEF in paired samples; however, patients with HFmrEF were at higher risk of cardiovascular death (sHR 1.71, 95% CI 1.13–2.57, p = 0.011) and sudden cardiac death (sHR 2.73, 95% CI 1.07–6.98, p = 0.036) than patients with HFpEF.ConclusionsPatients in the intermediate category of HFmrEF conform a phenotype closer to the clinical profile of HFrEF, and associated to higher risk of sudden cardiac death and cardiovascular death than patients with HFpEF.
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